{"id":7157,"date":"2025-10-12T05:10:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T03:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/editionsjou.net\/?p=7157"},"modified":"2025-10-12T05:10:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T03:10:40","slug":"174-guerre-des-images-metavers-ou-veracite-des-faits-par-pierre-menard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/?p=7157","title":{"rendered":"#174\/ Guerre des images : m\u00e9tavers ou v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des faits ?, par Pierre M\u00e9nard"},"content":{"rendered":"\n


Depuis octobre 2023, le service de presse de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne a publi\u00e9 des dizaines d’animations 3D illustrant des sites pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s appartenir au Hamas, au Hezbollah et \u00e0 l’Iran. Le style, d\u00e9sormais reconnaissable entre tous (zooms satellites, filigranes en noir et blanc et maisons textur\u00e9es en rouge), s\u2019impose comme le nouveau langage visuel de cette guerre. Jack Sapoch est un enqu\u00eateur num\u00e9rique sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans la reconstruction visuelle et la 3D. Il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler sur cette recherche avec un petit groupe de coll\u00e8gues journalistes\/artistes, notamment Nicole V\u00f6gele et Robin K\u00f6tzle, apr\u00e8s avoir remarqu\u00e9 des sch\u00e9mas r\u00e9currents dans les vid\u00e9os 3D de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re.
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Animation 3D du service de presse de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne sur le raid du Centre d’\u00e9tudes et de recherche scientifiques syrien (SSRC) pr\u00e8s de Masyaf en 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bon nombre de ces \u00ab illustrations \u00bb ne reposent pas du tout sur des renseignements v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s. L’analyse de 43 vid\u00e9os officielles de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne effectu\u00e9e par Jack Sapoch a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des environnements 3D recycl\u00e9s, des inexactitudes spatiales et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments emprunt\u00e9s \u00e0 des artistes et des institutions sans rapport avec le sujet. Plus de 30 \u00e9l\u00e9ments uniques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrac\u00e9s, notamment ceux de Ian<\/a> <\/a>Hubert<\/a><\/strong>, artiste, vid\u00e9aste et cr\u00e9ateur 3D bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington, qui r\u00e9alise des mod\u00e8les sur mesure pour son projet de science-fiction Dynamo<\/strong> Dream<\/strong><\/a>.
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Image 3D de l\u2019atelier de construction navale du Scottish Maritime Museum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des scans de parkings, d’antennes et de tuyaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s pour repr\u00e9senter des sites militaires du Hamas et de l’Iran. Les ressources d’Hubert, cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour servir de d\u00e9cors \u00e0 des paysages urbains cyberpunk, sont particuli\u00e8rement utilis\u00e9es dans les animations diffus\u00e9es par l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne lors de ses frappes contre l’Iran en juin. D’autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments proviennent de scans r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par le Scottish Maritime Museum<\/a><\/strong> dans son atelier de construction navale, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9s et transform\u00e9s par le service de presse de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne pour servir de d\u00e9corations dans des usines souterraines de fabrication de missiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces ressources ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es dans des vid\u00e9os de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne aussi r\u00e9cemment que le 5 septembre, dans une animation de la tour Mushtaha \u00e0 Gaza<\/a><\/strong>, d\u00e9truite le m\u00eame jour par des frappes a\u00e9riennes isra\u00e9liennes. Dans cette vid\u00e9o, le sol lui-m\u00eame est une mosa\u00efque de scans de trottoirs et de parkings r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par d\u2019autres personnes. L’un des premiers exemples les plus vus est une animation de l’h\u00f4pital Al Shifa<\/a><\/strong>, publi\u00e9e en octobre 2023. La \u00ab salle de commandement souterraine \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 recycl\u00e9e \u00e0 partir d’une animation datant de 2022 et repr\u00e9sentant une \u00e9cole de l’UNRWA \u00e0 Tel Al-Hawa. La rue, situ\u00e9e au-dessus, a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite \u00e0 partir de devantures pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9es. Ces vid\u00e9os sont produites en interne par une petite cellule d’animation au sein de l’unit\u00e9 du porte-parole de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne, qui travaille principalement avec After Effects<\/em> et Blender<\/em>. Dans une vid\u00e9o TikTok diffus\u00e9e apr\u00e8s les attaques isra\u00e9liennes contre l’Iran en juin, des soldats pr\u00e9cisent avoir travaill\u00e9 pendant des semaines dans le plus grand secret pour pr\u00e9parer les visuels. L\u2019un des objectifs sp\u00e9cifiques de ces animations est de multiplier leur port\u00e9e en favorisant une couverture secondaire. Et en effet, des dizaines de grands m\u00e9dias tels que la BBC, CNN et Sky News les ont diffus\u00e9es, en partie ou dans leur int\u00e9gralit\u00e9, souvent sans contexte.

Ces animations brouillent la fronti\u00e8re entre preuve et fiction, participant \u00e0 une guerre de perception o\u00f9 l\u2019image pr\u00e9c\u00e8de souvent le fait. Faute de journalistes pr\u00e9sents sur le terrain, elles sont le plus souvent reproduites sans v\u00e9ritable analyse critique par de grands m\u00e9dias internationaux. Cette enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019importance croissante des animations 3D dans l\u2019information et la mani\u00e8re dont celles-ci influencent les opinions publiques en temps de guerre, d\u00e9formant la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des faits en construisant une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 parall\u00e8le digne d\u2019un m\u00e9tavers.
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Le service de presse de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne a publi\u00e9 des dizaines d’animations 3D<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","category-revue-tina"],"yoast_head":"\n#174\/ Guerre des images : m\u00e9tavers ou v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des faits ?, par Pierre M\u00e9nard - <<< \u00e9ditions JOU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/?p=7157\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#174\/ Guerre des images : m\u00e9tavers ou v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des faits ?, par Pierre M\u00e9nard - 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