{"id":1905,"date":"2024-11-10T15:07:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T14:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/editionsjou.net\/?p=1905"},"modified":"2024-11-10T15:07:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T14:07:33","slug":"19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/?p=1905","title":{"rendered":"#19 \/ Benjamin Lemoine, Chasseurs d’\u00c9tats, par Pierre Tenne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Il y a des conventions professionnelles o\u00f9 ces fonds vautours se r\u00e9unissent. Ils pr\u00e9sentent leurs m\u00e9thodes de travail, avec des diaporama, des blagues, des fiert\u00e9s, de l\u2019\u00e9motion. Comme un salon du fond vautour \u2013 mais ne dites pas vautour, le v-word<\/em> n\u2019a pas bonne presse. D\u2019ailleurs, ces avocats d\u2019affaire et banquiers s\u2019octroient volontiers un r\u00f4le \u00e9conomique et social vertueux : sans la pression mise par leurs fonds d\u2019investissement sur les \u00c9tats les plus pauvres de la plan\u00e8te, la corruption ne serait-elle pas bien plus importante ? Bien trop importante ? Le capitalisme mondialis\u00e9 serait-il contr\u00f4lable sans la contrainte mise par les fonds vautour ?. Chasser les \u00c9tats est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, non ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la m\u00e9nagerie du jardin des Plantes vivent en cage des vautours pape, qu\u2019on n\u2019imagine absolument pas chasser des \u00c9tats. Le vautour pape, ou sarcoramphe roi, est un splendide animal qui n\u2019a rien de commun avec les avocats new-yorkais qui font de la pr\u00e9dation des \u00c9tats pauvres une aventure triste de ce monde \u2013 celui o\u00f9 les vautours papes sont de moins en moins nombreux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benjamin Lemoine a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 ces conventions, il s\u2019est entretenu longuement avec ces gens. Il permet de saisir ce qu\u2019il se joue dans ces questions majeures qui int\u00e9ressent peu les pays profitant le plus de la mondialisation, dont la France, mais qui est centrale dans les contr\u00e9es qui souffrent le plus de ces pr\u00e9dations \u2013 en Argentine, des campagnes \u00e9lectorales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 centr\u00e9es sur la question des fonds vautour. Il faut dire que le fonds Elliott, fond\u00e9 par Paul Singer, avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 humilier le pays en immobilisant son voilier, tr\u00e9sor national, pendant plusieurs semaines, au Ghana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les gens comme Paul Singer se voient comme des cow-boys. Leurs \u00ab troph\u00e9es \u00bb sont d\u2019humilier des \u00c9tats en souffrance \u00e9conomique. Ils se donnent un r\u00f4le moral dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale et consid\u00e8rent que les cons\u00e9quences de leurs actions \u2013 mis\u00e8re de masse, crises politiques et sociales \u2013 sont pr\u00e9f\u00e9rables \u00e0 celles, probables, de leurs inactions. On peut trouver une forme d\u2019humour \u00e0 lire leurs confessions, qui semblent plus souvent sinc\u00e8res que cyniques. Mais la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 a-t-elle encore une valeur ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chasseurs d\u2019\u00c9tats <\/em>permet surtout d\u2019\u00e9tablir deux processus historiques qui sont souvent occult\u00e9s. Le premier est celui du r\u00f4le central du droit new-yorkais dans l\u2019imp\u00e9rialisme \u00e9tats-unien de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle. Kissinger appara\u00eet bien souvent dans cette histoire comme celui qui promeut la possibilit\u00e9 de juger des \u00c9tats dans les tribunaux des \u00c9tats-Unis, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de New York, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de Wall Street. Le dollar et la loi de New York, armes fondamentales de l\u2019assujettissement du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019autre histoire, plus \u00e9tonnante encore \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir, est celle qui montre le d\u00e9tricotage au long cours de l\u2019immunit\u00e9 souveraine\u00a0: on ne juge pas un pays dans un tribunal, pensait-on g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement jusqu\u2019aux ann\u00e9es 1950 ou 1960. Il a fallu tout un lobbying, dont Benjamin Lemoine fait la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie, pour \u00e9tablir qu\u2019il \u00e9tait non seulement possible, mais pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable, de pouvoir tra\u00eener en justice des \u00c9tats pour les rappeler \u00e0 l\u2019ordre lib\u00e9ral. L\u2019implication de l\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain, des agences internationales (FMI), du milieu de la finance mondialis\u00e9e dans ce lobbying est massif et continu. Il a \u00e9galement triomph\u00e9, puisque la conception de la souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9tatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 forg\u00e9 par ces acteurs. Au-del\u00e0 de la dimension \u00e9conomique et diplomatique, au-del\u00e0 des seuls pays ayant souffert d\u2019agressions par ces fonds d\u2019investissement, cette victoire nous concerne tous puisqu\u2019elle a impos\u00e9 une id\u00e9ologie du public et du priv\u00e9 qui a colonis\u00e9 tous les discours\u00a0: l\u2019enrichissement est priv\u00e9, ce qui est public ne peut \u00eatre source de richesse (ni de d\u00e9ficit, sous peine d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9). Cette capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 remodeler la d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de la souverainet\u00e9 a ainsi op\u00e9r\u00e9 une d\u00e9sagr\u00e9gation de l\u2019id\u00e9e de richesse publique, instaurant dans la langue et la logique politique le fatalisme d\u2019une organisation sociale n\u00e9gligeant les autres. Ce qui est public, peut-\u00eatre commun, ne peut dans cette langue qu\u2019\u00eatre disloqu\u00e9 pour que s\u2019enrichissent quelques-uns. Il y a m\u00eame des lois pour cela.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Benjamin Lemoine<\/strong>
Chasseurs d’\u00c9tat. Les fonds vautours et la loi de New York \u00e0 la poursuite de la souverainet\u00e9<\/em>,
Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 2024, 384 p., 24\u20ac
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
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sommaire TINA<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les fonds vautours et la loi de New York \u00e0 la poursuite de la souverainet\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lectures","category-revue-tina"],"yoast_head":"\n#19 \/ Benjamin Lemoine, Chasseurs d'\u00c9tats, par Pierre Tenne - <<< \u00e9ditions JOU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/?p=1905\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#19 \/ Benjamin Lemoine, Chasseurs d'\u00c9tats, par Pierre Tenne - <<< \u00e9ditions JOU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les fonds vautours et la loi de New York \u00e0 la poursuite de la souverainet\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/?p=1905\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"<<< \u00e9ditions JOU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-10T14:07:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/vautour_2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"427\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eric Arlix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eric Arlix\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Eric Arlix\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c28daead05fe49e106d2655b42e8f9bd\"},\"headline\":\"#19 \\\/ Benjamin Lemoine, Chasseurs d’\u00c9tats, par Pierre Tenne\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-10T14:07:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905\"},\"wordCount\":771,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/app\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/vautour_2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Lectures\",\"revue TINA\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/revuetina.editionsjou.net\\\/?p=1905\",\"name\":\"#19 \\\/ Benjamin Lemoine, Chasseurs d'\u00c9tats, par Pierre Tenne - 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